Boiler



June 10, 1930. HALLER I 1,762,779

BOILER Filed Jan. 12, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Rial; INVENTOR:

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A TTORNE Y.

J ngle, 1930. L. 'G. HALLER, ,7 ,77

' BOILER Filed Jan. 12. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

A TTORNE Y.

Patented June 10, 1930 Miran STATES LOUIS G. HAELER, GHA'ITANOOGA, TENNESSEE BOILER Application filed January 12, 1927. Serial no. 160,678.,

This invention relates to water tube boilers of the so-called Stirling type. Its purposeis to'provide an improved 'b'oiler of this .class, and particularly to provide an arrangement in which the water in the first upper drum is not as turbulent as it is in forms used heretofore, and in which this first drum can be made of lighter material .than was necessary hitherto. By an extension of. my invention one of the other drums may also be made of lighter material.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying two sheets of drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a boiler of this type embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is'a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to that of Fig. 1 showing a modification.

Referring first to the form shown in Fig.

' 201, there are three upper drums shown at 1,

2 and 3, and a single lower drum 4. 'The middle upper drum 2 is connected to the lower drum 4 by a bank of tubes 5 in the ordinary manner. There are also as heretofore' steam circulation tubes 6 and 7 connecting the drums 1 and 2, and 2 and 3 respectively, and water circulating tubes 8 connecting the drums 1 and 2 with. each other. A houslng 9 of the usual or any pre-,

ferred constructionencloses the boiler. 10 is the furnace and 11 is an opening for a connection-to the stack. 3* is anozzle for taking off the steam from the boiler.

My invention lies in the peculiar arrangem'ent, used in connecting the tubes'of the first bank, and'in some cases those of the third bank, to the lower and upper drums. Referring first to the front bank 12, the lower ends of all of the tubes of this bank are 40 connected to the lower drum 4 in the usual manner. Their upper ends, however, connect in part to drum 1 and in part to drum 2. As lswell known to those conversant withthese boilers, the tubes in these banks are aligned longitudinally of the boiler, that I delivered to drum 2 where it can easily be I is, in planes at right angles to the drums.

connect the upper ends of all of the tubes in some of the rows to thefront drum 1 and the upper ends of all of the tubes in each of the remaining rows to the upper drum 2.

In the sectional view of Fig. 2 the rows 12 connect withdrum 2, while those of l2 connect with drum 1. It will be noted that in the specific arrangement here shown, alternate rows have theirends connected to drum 2. In some cases it will be preferable to make the distribution somewhat different,

for example, every third, or every fourth row may be connected to drum 2. In some cases it will be advisable to connect the middlethird of the entire bank to one drum and the outer third on each side to the other drum. I mention these obvious possibilities of deviating from the form shown as I wishit to be understood that they all fall within the scope of. this invention. Reference to Fig. 1 will show that the tubes 12 bent to the drum 2 are arranged to lie between the rows of the water circulating tubes 8.

The same general arrangement for connecting some of the rows of tubes of a bank to one of the upper drums and the ends of the remaining rows to another is used in the rear bank of tubes 13. Here too alternate or every third or every fourth, etc., row is con- 7 nected to drum 3, the remaining rows having their ends connected to drum 2. r

The purpose for connecting the rows of tubes in the front bank as described is, as briefly pointedout above, twofold. In the ordinary arrangement in which all of the rows of this bank'are connected to drum -1,' there is extremely violent ebullition in this drum, as the tubes all deliver their mixture of steam and water to the drum and the disengagement of the steam from the water must occur from arelative'ly small surface. The steam liberated-is then carried to drum 2 through the steam circulators 6 and in most'cases to the third drum through steam 90. circulators 7 from which it is taken off through nozzle 3. By my arrangement, only a portion ofthe steam and water m1xture traveling upward in the bank 12 1s delivered to drum 1, the remainder being 7 taken care of because the water delivered to drum 2 by the tubes 5 contains only a relatively small amount of steam. This first advantage,.therefore, is in other words that the water surface in drum 1 is agitated to a lesser degree than in the ordinary arrangement and that, therefore, the steam taken from the boiler will be dryer.

The second advantage is that the drum can be made of lighter material than would be the case if all of the tubes opened into the first drum. The reason for this is asfollows:v

It is an elementary fact at the basis of the design of drums of this type that the metal of the drumis subjected to a stress twice as high in a circumferential direction as in a direction parallel to the long axis of the drum. The limiting factor is always the size of the ligaments between the tube holes in the longitudinal rows. By my invention, particularly in case the tubes are arranged as in Fig. 2, the ligaments in 2 the first drum are practically twice as great as they would be if all the tubes had their upper ends connected to the front drum. As a result, it is possible to use a much lighter drum, thereby securing the advan tage of smaller cost of material, shipping weight, difliculty in handling, etc. The middle drum remains of the same gauge as before, and the additional tubes connected to it make no difference in this regard.

In cases where the rows of tubes are not alternately bent to drum 2, but only those of every third or of every fourth row are so bent, the advantage just spoken of is not so pronounced, although still present in some degree, and in such cases a some- -what lighter gauge can be used although not one as light as in the case where alter nate rows open to the middle drum.

For the rear bank of tubes 13 the first 4o advantage pointed out above does not apply, but the second one does, i. e. drum 3 can be made of lighter material than with the ordinary arrangement for the reasons pointed out in connection with drum 1.

With a boiler arranged as shown in Fig. 1, the water is fed to the boiler into drum 3 at 14, circulates downward through the tubes 13 which connect to drum 3, and so reaches drum 4. The front bank of tubes 12 will have .only an upward circulation through it and the same will be true of bank 5. Generally a downward circulation will occur through tubes 13 of the rear bank, although under some conditions this may reverse or become mixed, i. e. upward in some and downward through others of the tubes.

In the form of myinvention shown in Fig. 3, I connect the rows of tubes of the 60 front bank as describedabove, but do not use this arrangement for the rear bank of tubes 13. Upper drums 2 and 3 are here connected by the water circulators 15. In-

asmuch asthere-are fewer tubes connecting 68 to the middle drum 2 the ends of the tubes clear that my invention can be used in connection with the front row of tubes only,

and it will be equally obvious that, if desired, I may apply it to the rear bank of tubes only.

I claim:

1. In a boiler, the combination of a front, a middle, and a rear upper drum, a lower drum, all of said drums being parallel, a bank of tubes connecting the rear upper drum to the lower drum, a bankof tubes connecting the middle upper drum to the lower drum, and a bank of tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes at right angles to the drums, the tubes of all of said rows having their lower ends connected to the lower drum, the upper ends of all'of the tubes of'a number of rows distributed through the bank from one end to the other being connected to the front upper drum, and the upper ends of all of the tubes of the remaining rows being connected to the middle upper drum.

2. In a boiler, the combination of a front, a middle, and a rear upper drum, a lower drum, all of said drums being parallel, a bank of tubes connecting the front upper drum to the. lower drum, a bank of tubes connecting the middle upper drum to the lower drum, and a bank of tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes at right angles to the drums, thetubes of all of said rows having their lower ends connected to the lower drum, the upper ends of all of the tubes of a number of rows distributed through the bank from one end to the other being connected to the rear upper drum, and the upper ends of all of the tubes of the remaining rows being connected to the middle upper drum.

3. In a boiler, the combination of a front, a middle, and a rear upper drum, a lower druni, all of said drums being parallel, a bank of tubes connecting the middle upper drum to the lower drum, two other banks of tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes at "right angles to the drums, the tubes of all of said rows having their lower ends connected to the lower drum, the upper ends of all of the tubes of a number of rows distributed through said other two banks from one end to the other beingconnected to the middle upper drum, and the upper ends of all of the tubes of the remaining rows of the respective two other banks being connected to the front and rear drum.

upper drums and upper drums.

4:. In a boiler, the combination of two upper drums and a lower drum, the three drums being parallel, and a bank of water tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes at rightangles to the drums, all of said tubes being-parallel tor the major portion of their length and connected at their lower ends to the lower drum, the tubes in some of the rows continuing in a direction toward and being connected at their upper ends to one of said upper drums, the tubes of the remaining rows being bent away from the first mentioned tubes and having their upper ends connected to the other upper 5. In a boiler, the combination of two upper drums and a lower drum, the three drums being parallel, and a bank of water tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes at right angles to the drums, all of said tubes being parallel for the major portion of their length and connected at their lower ends to the lower drum, the tubes in a number of the rows distributed through the bank from one end to the other continuing in a direction toward and being connected at their upper ends to one of said upper drums, the tubes of the remaining rows being bent away from the first mentioned tubes and having their upper ends connected to the other upper drum.

6. In a boiler, the combination of two a lower drum, the three a bank of water drums being parallel, and tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes "at right angles to the drums, all of said tubes being parallel for the major portion of their length and connected at their lower ends to the lower drum, the tubes in a number of the rows distributed at regular intervals throughthe bank from one end to the other continuing in a direction toward and being connected at their upper ends to one of said upper drums, the tubes of the remaining rows being bent away from the first mentioned tubes and having their upper ends connected to the other upper drum.

\7. In a boiler, the combination of two upper drums and a lower drum, the three drums being parallel, and a bank of water tubes arranged .in rows planes at right angles to the drums, all of said tubes being parallel for the major portion of their length and connected at their lower ends to the lower drum,-the'tubes in alternate rows continuing in a direction toward and being connected at their upper ends to one of said upper drums, the tubes of the remaining rows being the first mentioned tubes and having'their lying in parallel bent away from.

drums and a lower drum, the three drums being parallel, and a bank of water tubes arranged in rows lying in parallel planes at right angles to the drums, all of said tubes being parallel for a portion of their length and comfected at their lower ends to the lower drum, the tubes in a number of the rows distributed through the bank from one end to the other continuing in a direction toward and being connected at their upper ends to one of-said upper drums, the tubes of the remaining rowsbeing bent away from the first mentioned tubes and having their upper ends connected to the other upper drum.

9. In a boiler of the class described, an enclosure comprising a combustion chamber,

a mud drum adjacent the lower part of said enclosure and formed of relatively thick material, a plurality of drums in the upper part of said enclosure formed of relatively thin material, and a plurality of tubes arranged in rows longitudinally of said drums for providing communication between said. mud drum and said upper drums, the tubes in each row of said mud drum communicating with a pair of said upper drums, the alternate tubes of each row communicating with alternate drums of the pair and the longitudinal spaces between adjacent tubes in said mud drum being equal to one-half the corresponding spaces in said upper drums.

10. In a boiler of the class described,an

enclosure comprising a combustion cham-e her, a central drum in said enclosure and formed of relatively thick material, a plurality of other drums in said enclosure formed of relatively thin material, a 'front and a rear bank of tubes arranged in rows longitlidinally of said drums for providing communication between said central drum and said other drums, the tubes of each of said banks connected to said central drum communicating with a pair of said other drums, the alternate tubes of each longitudinal row communicating with alternate drums of the pair and the longitudinal spaces between adjacent tubes in said central drum being equal to one-half the corresponding spaces in said other drums.

' LOUIS G. HALLER. 

